• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an electrical conductor for use in electrical machines, in particular for the production of windings for stators or rotors of electrical machines such as electric motors or generators. The conductor comprises an electrically conductive conductor core with an essentially rectangular cross section and has two oppositely arranged longitudinal end faces and two oppositely arranged transverse end faces and an overall longitudinal extent between a first end and a second end. The conductor also comprises at least one insulation layer which is arranged around the conductor core over its entire length at least over a predominant part of the total longitudinal extent. The at least one insulation layer mainly consists of an extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group of aromatic polysulfones (PAES) or mixtures of aromatic polysulfones (PAES).
    公开号:AT521302A1
    申请号:T50008/2019
    申请日:2019-01-08
    公开日:2019-12-15
    发明作者:Andreas Ellenberger Dr
    申请人:Miba Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    The invention relates to an electrical conductor for use in electrical machines, in particular for the production of windings for stators or rotors of electrical machines such as electric motors or generators. The conductor comprises an electrically conductive conductor core with an essentially rectangular cross section and has two longitudinal end faces arranged opposite one another and two transverse end faces arranged opposite one another, and an overall longitudinal extension between a first end and a second end. The conductor also comprises at least one insulation layer, which is arranged around the entire length of the conductor core over at least a predominant part of the total longitudinal extent of the conductor core. The at least one insulation layer consists predominantly of an extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group of aromatic polysulfones (PAES) or mixtures of aromatic polysulfones (PAES).
    Fig. 4/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    The invention relates to an electrical conductor for use in electrical machines, in particular for the production of windings for stators or rotors of electrical machines such as electric motors or generators.
    Basically, electrical machines with electrical conductors are well known in the art. Machines for generating, converting or converting electrical energy are prominent examples at this point.
    Depending on the purpose or design of a respective electrical machine, electrical conductors for carrying electrical current can be arranged in different ways in an electrical machine. Electrical conductors are often arranged in electrical machines in the form of coils or windings, the latter for example in the case of a conventional stator or rotor of a generator or electric motor.
    High voltages are often induced in the operation of electrical machines, or high voltages are applied to electrical machines, and this can in principle lead to the formation of undesired electrical contacts between electrical conductors with one another or between electrical conductors and other components or, in particular, conductive components of an electrical machine, such as such as a laminated core of a stator or rotor. To avoid this, it is necessary to electrically isolate electrical conductors from one another and to other components of an electrical machine, or to shield them as far as possible. There are relevant standards, such as / 41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00, for example EN 60664-1, which prescribe the formation of at least one absolutely fault-free insulation layer or a two-layer insulation layer.
    In the past, the insulation of the electrical conductors using a lacquer layer deposited on the electrical conductor and a resin-impregnated insulation paper was a very common method of meeting the insulation requirements for electrical conductors in electrical machines. The application of a lacquer layer with a thickness of a few 10 μm to a few 100 μm on an electrical conductor requires hardening of the like, which is often carried out in an oven and is both time-consuming, energy-intensive and cost-intensive. Likewise, the insertion of the resin-impregnated insulation paper and the subsequent insertion of the electrical conductors, for example in the slots of a stator or rotor of an electrical machine, are associated with high technical outlay.
    An alternative is disclosed in DE102015216840A1. It describes a stator for an electrical machine with electrical conductors which are insulated from the laminated core by means of an insulation element. The insulation element is formed from a thermoplastic hose element which encloses or sheaths the respective electrical conductor. Thus, instead of using an insulating paper, it is necessary to assemble each electrical conductor with a tube element provided for this purpose before it is inserted into the electrical machine, which means a significant outlay on the process.
    Another way of achieving adequate insulation is disclosed in EP3043355A1. This describes electrical conductors with a multilayer insulation layer which have a urethane-containing, thermosetting lacquer as an adhesive layer to a thermoplastic polymer deposited thereon. However, the varnish layer must be cured in an oven before further processing before the second layer or top layer can be applied, which is associated with increased process expenditure.
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    US2015243410A1 describes the problem that an insulation layer on electrical conductors made of several thermosetting lacquer layers leads to reduced adhesion between the individual lacquer layers with increasing number of lacquer layers and blistering can also occur. In US2015243410A1 it is proposed to build up an insulation layer from a multi-layer layer, the outermost layer consisting of a thermoplastic and being connected to the electrical conductor by means of a thermosetting lacquer layer. However, this also requires hardening of the basecoat layer, which in turn is associated with a high outlay on the process.
    With electrical machines, compactness is still required, but the highest possible level of performance. In addition, the performance or efficiency of electrical machines can depend heavily on the number of electrical conductors used or their packing density.
    It was an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art which still exist and to provide an electrical conductor which is sufficiently well insulated from other electrical conductors and from other, in particular conductive components of an electrical machine with a possible space-saving arrangement of the electrical conductor combined in an electrical machine, in particular enables a particularly high fill factor of electrical conductors in an electrical machine. Furthermore, it was an object of the present invention to provide an electrotechnical or electrical winding consisting of one or more suitably designed electrical conductors and a stator with one or more suitably trained electrical conductors.
    The object of the invention is achieved on the one hand by an electrical conductor according to the claims.
    The electrical conductor according to the invention is suitable for use in electrical machines, in particular for the production of windings for stators of electrical machines such as electric motors or generators.
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    The electrical conductor comprises an electrically conductive conductor core with an essentially rectangular cross section and with a continuously closed conductor core cross section. The conductor core has two oppositely arranged longitudinal end faces and two oppositely arranged transverse end faces and an overall longitudinal extent between a first end and a second end of the conductor core. Depending on the application, the total longitudinal extent can be kept very short, for example in the case of welding of several electrical conductors to form a winding, but a conductor core can also have a large total longitudinal extent for other applications. Furthermore, the conductor core does not have to show a straight course along its entire longitudinal extent, but rather the conductor core along its total longitudinal extent between the first and the second end can, depending on the application, also have bends or a section which is curved in sections.
    The electrical conductor further comprises at least one insulation layer. This insulation layer is arranged at least over a major part of the total longitudinal extent of the conductor core around the conductor core or encases the conductor core completely in cross section.
    The at least one insulation layer consists predominantly of an extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group of aromatic polysulfones (PAES) or mixtures of aromatic polysulfones (PAES). Here and below, in connection with the material from which the at least one insulation layer is made, the term “predominantly” is to be understood to mean that the at least one insulation layer is preferred, or for the most part, for example at least 90% by weight, preferably 95% by weight or more consists of one of the stated polymeric materials or mixtures thereof. To a small extent, for example at most 10% by weight, preferably 5% by weight or less, the insulation layer can also comprise other constituents, such as additives customary in thermoplastic polymers. Furthermore, it goes without saying that, for example, / 41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 small amounts of contamination due to manufacturing and / or processing may be present in the insulation layer.
    Electrical conductors designed in this way can advantageously be arranged in a particularly space-saving manner in electrical machines, for example in grooves provided in a stator for receiving the electrical conductors, and nevertheless have a sufficient insulation effect with respect to further electrical conductors and / or other, in particular electrically conductive, components of an electrical machine, for example, the slot walls of a stator. In principle, with electrical conductors designed in this way, the required insulation properties can already be achieved with an insulation layer. In principle, the at least one insulation layer can be applied directly to the conductor core, the insulation layer being preferably applied to the conductor core by extrusion, as will be explained in more detail below. As stated, the conductor core can have a substantially rectangular shape in cross section, rounded edges being common and also preferred in such conductor cores.
    It is also advantageous that electrical conductors configured in this way can be arranged, introduced or inserted quickly, comfortably and safely into an electrical machine, especially since no additional insulation element, such as an insulation paper, has to be provided. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the at least one insulation layer can be selected to be very slim overall given the selection of polymeric material indicated, so that a very high packing density of current-conducting or conductive conductor cores, which are usually formed by copper, can be achieved. It has been shown that this design criterion, also known as the “copper filling factor”, allows an increase in the efficiency of an electrical machine, for example a stator, without a loss in the insulation properties. In addition, the security against damage when inserting the electrical conductors into the laminated core or also during any subsequent bending processes, for example to form windings or coils, can be positively influenced.
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    In addition, in the case of the electrical conductors with the polymeric materials specified for the at least one insulation layer, continuous operation of an electrical machine even at high temperatures, for example up to 170 ° C., preferably up to 180 ° C. and in particular up to 210 ° C. usual operating voltages, for example 220 V to 1400 V possible without loss of electrical insulation properties. This is despite the space-saving design, which enables the electrical conductors to be arranged as densely and compact as possible.
    In a preferred development it can be provided that the at least one insulation layer made of a material with a relative permittivity of less than 4 at a frequency of 0.1 kHz to 100 kHz and a temperature of 50 ° C to 180 ° C, measured according to IEC 60250.
    As a result, electrical conductors with sufficiently good insulation properties and at the same time particularly small space requirements can be provided, since the at least one insulation layer can be selected to be particularly slim. In other words, the at least one insulation layer with a relatively small layer thickness can be applied to the conductor core without having to accept losses in the insulation properties. The relative permittivity is often referred to as the dielectric constant.
    However, it can also be advantageous if the material from which the at least one insulation layer is made has a glass transition temperature greater than 160 ° C., preferably greater than 170 ° C., in particular greater than 180 ° C.
    As a result, a material can be selected for the at least one insulation layer which, on the one hand, remains dimensionally stable up to high temperatures under the operating conditions of an electrical machine, but at the same time can be made malleable without excessive expenditure of energy. For example, for the purpose of application to the conductor core, or for the purpose of reshaping the electrical conductor after application of the at least one insulation layer, for example by bending.
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    Furthermore, it can also be provided that the at least one insulation layer made of a material with a heat distortion temperature
    ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 170 ° C.
    This configuration makes it possible to provide an insulation layer with sufficient insulation properties, which at the same time also allows the electrical conductors to be used at high operating temperatures. The insulation layer can preferably consist of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 180 ° C. The heat resistance according to ISO-1, -2, -3 is also referred to as the HDT value (Heat Deflection Temperature or Heat Distortion temperature), in the specific case the heat resistance can also be referred to as the HDT-A value (method A, loading the sample with 1.8 N / mm 2 ).
    A configuration can also be expedient in which the at least one insulation layer has a dielectric strength according to IEC 60243-1 of at least 28 kV / mm with a layer thickness of less than 500 μm.
    In this way, electrical conductors can be provided, by means of which, in particular, undesired voltage breakdowns, such as arcs or sparks, or short circuits between individual electrical conductors and / or between electrical conductors and other components of electrical machines during the operation of the electrical machines during operation of an electrical machine electrical conductor cores loaded with electrical voltage or current can be stopped.
    In a preferred embodiment, the at least one insulation layer of the electrical conductor predominantly consists of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), or mixtures of these aromatic polysulfones (PAES)
    It can therefore be the at least one insulation layer predominantly made of polysulfone (PSU) with the basic structure / 41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    3 ch 3 or polyethersulfone (PES or PESU) with the basic structure
    o o or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) with the basic structure
    O
    or consists of mixtures of these aromatic polysulfones with the specified basic structures. Electrical conductors with such insulation layers enable a particularly slim design of the insulation layers with a very small layer thickness and yet sufficient insulation properties. As a result, a particularly space-saving arrangement of electrical conductors configured in this way can be provided in electrical machines.
    Furthermore, the at least one insulation layer in the region of the transverse end faces can have a layer thickness which is 2 to 8 times a layer thickness of the at least one insulation layer in the region of the longitudinal end faces.
    This embodiment of the at least one insulation layer above all offers advantages in the case of an arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductors directly adjacent to one another, such as, for example, in a receiving groove for a plurality of electrical conductors in a laminated core of a stator of an electrical machine. It has surprisingly been shown that an insulation between adjacent electrical conductors, that is to say a respective insulation on the longitudinal end faces of the conductor core, can be selected to be comparatively slim, so that a high packing density of the
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    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 electrical conductor, for example, can be achieved in the receiving grooves of a laminated core of a stator. As a result, the efficiency of an electrical machine, such as a stator, can ultimately be further increased. In the case of a typical electrical conductor for an electrical machine, such as a stator, a layer thickness of the at least one insulation layer in the region of the longitudinal end faces can be, for example, 10 μm to 100 μm, correspondingly a layer thickness of the at least one insulation layer in the region of the transverse end surfaces can be, for example, 50 μm to 500 μm.
    Furthermore, it can be provided that the at least one insulation layer has a total cross-sectional area which is 0.1 times to 0.18 times a total cross-sectional area of the conductor core.
    Here, too, it has surprisingly been found that with such a relatively small total cross-sectional area of the at least one insulation layer, a sufficient insulation effect can nevertheless be achieved in the operation of electrical machines. The proportion of actually electrically conductive material in the form of the conductor core, for example made of copper, can thus be increased in relation to the at least one insulation layer, which is ineffective for this purpose, and a more efficient electrical machine with a further improved metal or copper fill factor can thus be provided. A total cross-sectional area of a typical, essentially rectangular conductor core for electrical machines can be, for example, 4 mm 2 to 10 mm 2 . Accordingly, a total cross-sectional area of the at least one insulation layer can be, for example, 0.6 mm 2 to 1.5 mm 2 .
    In a particularly preferred embodiment of the electrical conductor, it can be provided that the at least one insulation layer is applied to the conductor core by means of extrusion.
    In this way it is possible, on the one hand, to achieve sufficiently good adhesion of the at least one insulation layer to the conductor core, which is generally made of copper. As has been shown, is also on the conductor core on / 41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 extruded insulation layers, the probability of the formation of imperfections is negligible. Compared to the use of insulating varnishes or insulating paper, this is advantageous in terms of operational safety and the manufacturing costs can also be reduced. Extruded polymers often have characteristic surface features or structures, which are naturally recognizable in the direction of extrusion as a kind of "extrusion grooves" and are thus clearly distinguishable from a conventionally applied lacquer layer.
    In a further embodiment of the electrical conductor, it can make sense for the at least one insulation layer to be completely encased by a support layer, so that this support layer completely surrounds the at least one insulation layer in cross section. In this case, the support layer can be applied in a completely encasing manner to the at least one insulation layer at all points at which the at least one insulation layer is applied to the conductor core.
    Such a support layer can in particular be formed by a high-temperature stable, polymeric material, and as a result an improved stability of the at least one insulation layer can be brought about even at continuously high operating temperatures of an electrical machine. Such a support layer can also be designed as an electrical insulation layer or consist of an electrically insulating material, as a result of which a further improved insulation effect can be provided. In addition, any imperfections in the underlying, at least one insulation layer can be compensated for by application of such a support layer, so that a further improved operational safety is made possible.
    The support layer of the electrical conductor can preferably consist predominantly of an extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of aromatic polysulfones (PAES) or polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK), or of mixtures of these materials.
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    The specified materials have proven to be well suited for a support layer, since they combine favorable properties such as dimensional stability even at high temperatures and good insulation effect even with small layer thicknesses.
    The support layer can particularly preferably consist predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) or polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK), or of mixtures of these thermoplastic polymers.
    In other words, the insulation layer can consist predominantly of polysulfone (PSU) with the basic structure
    or polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) with the basic structure
    or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) with the basic structure
    or from polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) consisting of the basic blocks
    12/41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 or consist of mixtures of these polymeric materials with the specified basic structures.
    The specified materials have proven to be particularly suitable for forming a support layer, since good properties with regard to stability and additional electrical insulation result even with a very small layer thickness of such a support layer. The support layer can thus also be effective as an additional electrical insulation layer.
    A specific layer structure can in principle be varied depending on the requirement profile for an electrical machine, for example depending on the intended operating or operating temperature.
    For example, a conductor core in an electrical conductor, which is intended for continuous operating temperatures up to 180 ° C, can be encased with an insulation layer consisting predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), or the at least one insulation layer in such an electrical conductor made of polysulfone ( PSU) exist. The support layer of such an electrical conductor can for example consist predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU).
    A conductor core in an electrical conductor, which is intended for continuous operating temperatures up to 200 ° C, can, for example, be covered with an insulation layer consisting predominantly of polyethersulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), or the at least one insulation layer can be provided such an electrical conductor made of polyethersulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU). The support layer of such an electrical conductor can predominantly also consist of polyethersulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), preferably in the case of an insulation layer consisting predominantly of polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) the support layer mainly consisting of polyethersulfone (PES or PESU).
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    A conductor core in an electrical conductor, which is intended for continuous operating temperatures up to 220 ° C, can preferably be covered with an insulation layer consisting predominantly of polyethersulfone (PES or PESU), or the at least one insulation layer in such an electrical conductor Polyethersulfone (PES or PESU) exist. The support layer of such an electrical conductor can preferably consist predominantly of polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK).
    An embodiment in which the support layer consists of a material with an elongation at break according to ISO 527-1, -2 of 50% or more can also be particularly advantageous in the case of the electrical conductor.
    Such a configuration of the support layer makes it possible to provide a particularly high level of operational safety for an electrical machine, since the probability of damage to the support layer and in particular to the at least one insulation layer underneath can be minimized as far as possible. The support layer can preferably have an elongation at break according to ISO 527-1, -2 of 55% or more, in particular of 60% or more.
    Furthermore, it may be appropriate for the support layer to consist of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 170 ° C.
    This configuration makes it possible to provide an electrical conductor which produces particularly high operational reliability when using electrical machines, even at continuously high operating temperatures. The support layer can preferably consist of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 180 ° C. The heat resistance according to ISO-1, -2, -3 is also referred to as the HDT value (Heat Deflection Temperature or Heat Distortion temperature), in the specific case the heat resistance can also be referred to as the HDT-A value (method A, loading the sample with 1.8 N / mm 2 ).
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    A layer thickness of the support layer can be substantially uniform around the at least one insulation layer and can be 0.6 times to 1.0 times a layer thickness of the at least one insulation layer in the region of the longitudinal end faces.
    Surprisingly, it has been found that improvements in the operation of an electrical machine can be provided even with such small layer thicknesses of the support layer. In particular, the at least one insulation layer arranged below the support layer can be adequately stabilized even during continuous operation of an electrical machine, despite the small layer thickness of the encasing support layer. A layer thickness of the at least one insulation layer in the region of the longitudinal end faces can be, for example, 10 μm to 100 μm. Accordingly, an essentially uniform layer thickness of the support layer around the at least one insulation layer can be, for example, 6 μm to 100 μm.
    In addition, it can be provided that the support layer has a total cross-sectional area which is 0.22 to 0.35 times a total cross-sectional area of the at least one insulation layer.
    In this way, an electrical conductor can be provided which, on the one hand, can be arranged in a very space-saving manner in an electrical one and enables a high fill factor of electrically conductive material, and nevertheless enables sufficient stability for the operation of an electrical machine.
    It can also be expediently provided that the support layer is applied to the at least one insulation layer by means of extrusion.
    In this way, good adhesion of the support layer to the at least one insulation layer can in turn be achieved, and the likelihood of defects forming can also be minimized as far as possible. Extruded polymers often have characteristic surface features or structures, which are naturally recognizable in the direction of extrusion as a kind of “extrusion grooves” and thus clearly different from a conventionally applied / 41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    Lacquer layer are distinguishable. The support layer can be applied, for example, by means of a separate extrusion step to at least one insulation layer that has already been applied or extruded onto the conductor core. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to provide or encase the conductor core with the at least one insulation layer and the support layer by means of co-extrusion, so that the at least one insulation layer and the support layer are applied to the conductor core in a common extrusion step.
    However, the object of the invention is also achieved by an electrical winding for an electrical machine, in particular a stator of a generator or electric motor. Here, the winding is made from one or more interconnected electrical conductors described above.
    For example, the electrical or electrotechnical winding can be produced by welding end pieces of a plurality of suitably shaped electrical conductors, or the winding can also be produced from a continuous, suitably shaped electrical conductor. The advantages of an electrical conductor configured as described above have already been explained on the basis of the configuration of the electrical conductors, and reference is made here to the corresponding points in this description for the description of the advantages.
    Finally, the object of the invention is also achieved by a stator for an electrical machine, such as a generator or electric motor. The stator in this case comprises a laminated core with a plurality of grooves extending continuously in the circumferential direction about a longitudinal axis of the laminated core and in a longitudinal direction of the laminated core, each having at least two electrical conductors received in a groove to form an electrical winding.
    It is essential here that the electrical conductors accommodated in the grooves are designed as already described above. This in turn results in advantages which have already been explained on the basis of the design of the electrical conductors, and in this regard reference is again made to the corresponding points in this description.
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    In particular, it can be provided here that the respective electrical conductors accommodated in the grooves are encased in full at least over an entire longitudinal extent of a respective groove with the at least one insulation layer.
    As a result, sufficient insulation can be achieved in particular in the particularly critical areas within a groove within the laminated core of a stator, in which laminated core these receiving grooves are usually formed. In areas outside of the slots, the electrical conductor can also not be insulated at all, especially if there is no contact or close proximity to other components of the stator. In particular, the electrical conductor cannot have any insulation at locations which are provided for connecting to further electrical conductors, for example by welding, or the at least one insulation layer and, if appropriate, the support layer at such locations can be removed from the conductor core.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each show in a highly simplified, schematic representation:
    1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an electrical conductor in a perspective view;
    2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an electrical conductor in a perspective view;
    3 shows a sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment for an electrical conductor;
    4 shows a further sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment for an electrical conductor;
    5 shows an embodiment of a stator of an electric motor with electrical conductors;
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    6 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electrical or electrotechnical winding arranged in a stator of an electrical machine.
    In the introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, and the disclosures contained in the entire description can be applied analogously to the same parts with the same reference numbers or the same component names. The location information selected in the description, e.g. above, below, to the side, etc., referring to the figure described and illustrated immediately, and if the position is changed, these are to be applied to the new position.
    1 and 2 show, purely by way of example, two typical geometrical configurations of electrical conductors 1 for use in electrical machines, in particular for producing windings for stators or rotors of electrical machines such as electric motors or generators. The electrical conductor 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a conductor core 2 with an overall longitudinal extent 3 between a first end 4 and a second end 5. The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 comprises a conductor core 2 with an overall longitudinal extension 3 with an essentially straight profile, while the electrical conductor 1 shown in FIG. 2 also includes an overall longitudinal extension 2 between a first end 4 and a second end 5 curved, in particular U or V-shaped course. Such electrical conductors are also called “hair pins” in technical jargon. The total longitudinal extent 3 of the bent or U-shaped conductor core 2 shown in FIG. 2 would correspond to a total length of the conductor core 2 in the hypothetical, stretched state of the electrical conductor 1 shown in FIG. 2. A total longitudinal extent 3 of a conductor core 2 is to be understood in particular as a longitudinal extent along a neutral fiber of the conductor core 2. Usually, a conductor core 2 of an electrical conductor 1 for electrical machines is formed by copper due to the high conductivity required.
    The electrical conductors 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can usually be received in grooves in a laminated core and to form a winding / 41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 can be provided, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. Of course, however, electrical conductors 1 of different geometrical design than the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are also possible, and electrical conductors of different designs are also quite common. A respective, specific embodiment is based on the respective requirement profile of an electrical conductor 1, primarily on the required or intended arrangement of the electrical conductor 1 in an electrical machine.
    As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the electrical conductor 1, regardless of its geometric configuration, has an electrically conductive conductor core 2 with an essentially rectangular cross section, this conductor core cross section being continuously closed. As can best be seen from the sectional view of an electrical conductor 1 shown in FIG. 3, the electrically conductive conductor core 2 has two longitudinal end faces 6, 7 arranged opposite one another and two transverse end faces 8, 9 arranged opposite one another. As also shown in FIG. 3, The essentially rectangular conductor core 2 can have slightly rounded corners, which has proven itself in practice. Such a cross-sectional shape of the conductor core 2 with rounded corners is quite common in the technical field of electrical machines, and conductor cores 2 with such a cross section are comparatively resistant to damage and, for example, can also be inserted relatively easily into grooves in a laminated core of a stator. Furthermore, any coatings on conductor cores 2 designed in this way are relatively resistant to damage, since increased abrasion is prevented at sharp transitions.
    As can best be seen from the sectional view in FIG. 3, the electrical conductor 1 further comprises at least one insulation layer 10, which is arranged around the entire circumference of the conductor core 2, which, viewed in cross section, therefore completely surrounds or surrounds the conductor core 2. This at least one insulation layer 10 is here at least over a predominant part of the total longitudinal extent 3 of the conductor core 2 around the conductor core 2/41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 arranged, as is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. At least the parts of the total longitudinal extent 3 of the conductor core 2, which are arranged in the electrical machine in contact or immediately adjacent to further electrical conductors or other, in particular electrically conductive components of the electrical machine, are provided with the at least one insulation layer 10. For those parts of the total longitudinal extent 3 of the conductor core 2 which are not directly adjacent to further electrical conductors and / or other components of the electrical machine, the conductor 1 can have no insulation layer, or the at least one insulation layer 10 can be dispensed with at such points or be distant. Specifically, the electrical conductor 1 may have no insulation at locations which are provided for connecting to further electrical conductors, for example by welding, or the at least one insulation layer 10 may be removed from the conductor core 2 or superfluous at such locations, as is shown in FIG 1 and Fig. 2 is indicated.
    It is essential that the at least one insulation layer 10 consists predominantly of an extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group of aromatic polysulfones (PAES) or mixtures of aromatic polysulfones (PAES). In connection with the material from which the at least one insulation layer is made, the term “predominantly” is to be understood to mean that the at least one insulation layer has priority or to a large extent, for example at least 90% by weight, preferably 95% by weight. or more consists of one of the specified polymeric materials or mixtures thereof. To a small extent, for example at most 10% by weight, preferably 5% by weight or less, the insulation layer can also comprise other constituents, such as additives customary in thermoplastic polymers. Furthermore, it goes without saying that, for example, even small amounts of contamination due to manufacturing or processing may be present in the insulation layer.
    The one shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, consisting of aromatic polysulfone (PAES) or a mixture of aromatic polysulfones (PAES), at least one / 41
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    Insulation layer 10 of the electrical conductor 1 can in particular consist of a material with a relative permittivity of less than 4 at a frequency of 0.1 kHz to 100 kHz and a temperature of -50 ° C to 180 ° C, measured according to IEC 60250 , The relative permittivity is often also referred to as the dielectric constant or permittivity number, and represents the dimensionless ratio of the permittivity £ of a medium or material to the permittivity £ 0 of the vacuum.
    Furthermore, the material from which the at least one insulation layer 10 is made can have a glass transition temperature greater than 160 ° C., preferably greater than 170 ° C. and in particular greater than 180 ° C. As a result, the at least one insulation layer 10 can be prevented from softening even in the case of high operating temperatures or operating temperatures in an electrical machine, in particular the application of the at least one insulation layer 10 to the conductor core 2 can nevertheless take place by means of a thermoplastic process, such as extrusion.
    In addition, the at least one insulation layer 10 can consist of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 170 ° C. The insulation layer can preferably consist of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 180 ° C. The heat resistance according to ISO-1, -2, -3 is also referred to as the HDT value (Heat Deflection Temperature or Heat Distortion temperature), in the specific case the heat resistance can also be referred to as the HDT-A value (method A, loading the sample with 1.8 N / mm 2 ).
    In order to achieve a sufficient insulation effect, the at least one insulation layer 10 can furthermore have a dielectric strength according to IEC 60243-1 of at least 28 kV / mm with a layer thickness of less than 500 μm. In particular, this can prevent undesirable voltage breakdowns, such as arcs or sparks, in electrical machines.
    / 41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    The at least one insulation layer of the electrical conductor can preferably consist predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), or of mixtures of these aromatic polysulfones (PAES).
    The at least one insulation layer 10 can therefore predominantly consist of polysulfone (PSU) with the basic structure
    or polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) with the basic structure
    or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) with the basic structure
    O
    or consist of mixtures of these aromatic polysulfones with the specified basic structures.
    As illustrated in FIG. 3, the at least one insulation layer 10 in the region of the transverse end faces 8, 9 can have a layer thickness 11 which is 2 to 8 times a layer thickness 12 of the at least one insulation layer 10 in the region of the longitudinal end surfaces 6, 7 is. A layer thickness 12 of the at least one insulation layer 10 in the region of the longitudinal end faces 6, 7 can be, for example, 10 μm to 100 μm. A layer thickness 11 of the at least one insulation layer 10 in the region of the transverse end faces 8, 9 can be, for example, 50 μm to
    22/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    500 μm. It has been shown that an insulation between adjacent electrical conductors 1, that is to say a respective insulation on the longitudinal end faces 6, 7 of the conductor core 2, can be selected to be comparatively slim. This embodiment of the electrical conductor 1 is particularly suitable for an arrangement in an electrical machine in which electrical conductors 1 are arranged directly adjacent to one another, such as in grooves designed to accommodate a plurality of electrical conductors in a laminated core of a stator. Such an exemplary embodiment of a component of an electrical machine is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
    As further shown in FIG. 3, the at least one insulation layer 10 can have a total cross-sectional area 13 which is 0.1 times to 0.18 times a total cross-sectional area 14 of the conductor core 2. A total cross-sectional area 13 of the essentially rectangular conductor core 2 for electrical machines can be, for example, 4 mm 2 to 10 mm 2 , a total cross-sectional area 14 of the at least one insulation layer 10 can be, for example, 0.6 mm 2 to 1.5 mm 2 .
    A particularly preferred embodiment of the electrical conductor 1 is one in which the at least one insulation layer 10 is applied to the conductor core 2 by means of extrusion. In this case, the at least one insulation layer 10 can be applied, for example, by continuous extrusion to a conductor core strand, for example unrolled from a roll. Such a conductor core 2 for applying the at least one insulation layer 10 can therefore be in the form of a so-called “endless strand”. After the at least one insulation layer 10 has cooled after the extrusion, such a coated conductor core strand can be separated into individual electrical conductors 1 with the desired overall longitudinal extent 3 between a first end 4 and a second end 5, and, if necessary, reshaped, for example in the case 2, the U-shaped or V-shaped electrical conductor 1. Furthermore, the at least one insulation layer 10 can be removed from the conductor core 2 in the course of the further processing of the electrical conductor 1, for example at certain points on the electrical conductor 1, such as in places to connect / 41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 with other electrical conductors 1 are provided. These are often the ends 4, 5 of the conductor core 2, but, for example in the case of the conductor 1 shown in FIG. 2, the conductor core 2 can also be bare in the region of the U-shaped or V-shaped bend, or none here Isolation. An extruded insulation layer 10 can have characteristic surface features or structures, which are naturally recognizable in the direction of extrusion as a kind of “extrusion grooves”.
    FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the electrical conductor 1, which is possibly independent on its own, the same reference numerals or component designations as in the previous FIGS. 1-3 being used for the same parts. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding FIGS. 1-3.
    In the exemplary embodiment of an electrical conductor 1 shown in FIG. 4, the at least one insulation layer 10 is additionally completely encased by a support layer 16. As can be seen from FIG. 4, such a support layer 16 can completely surround the at least one insulation layer 10 in cross section. This support layer 16 can in this case be applied in a completely encasing manner to the at least one insulation layer 10 at all points along the entire longitudinal extent 3, at which the at least one insulation layer 10 is applied to the conductor core 2. This support layer 16 can preferably consist of a high-temperature-stable, polymeric material, and can in particular act as a further insulation layer in addition to the at least one insulation layer 10. Any defects in the underlying, at least one insulation layer 10 can also be compensated for by the application of such a support layer 16.
    The support layer preferably consists predominantly of an extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group of aromatic polysulfones (PAES) or polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), or of mixtures of these materials. The support layer 16 can particularly preferably consist predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) or / 41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    Polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), or consist of mixtures of these thermoplastic polymers.
    The support layer 16 can therefore predominantly consist of polysulfone (PSU) with the basic structure
    or polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) with the basic structure
    or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) with the basic structure
    or from polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) consisting of the basic blocks
    or consist of mixtures of these polymeric materials with the specified basic structures.
    A specific layer structure can in principle be varied depending on the requirement profile for an electrical machine, for example depending on the intended operating or operating temperature.
    25/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    For example, a conductor core 2 in an electrical conductor, which is intended for continuous operating temperatures up to 180 ° C., can be encased with an insulation layer 10 consisting predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), or the at least one insulation layer in such an electrical conductor 1 consist of polysulfone (PSU). The support layer 16 of such an electrical conductor 1 can for example consist predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU).
    A conductor core 2 in the case of an electrical conductor 1, which is provided for continuous operating temperatures up to 200 ° C., can, for example, be encased with an insulation layer 10 consisting predominantly of polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), or at least can an insulation layer 10 in such an electrical conductor made of polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU). The support layer 16 of such an electrical conductor 1 can predominantly likewise consist of polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), preferably in the case of an insulation layer 10 consisting predominantly of polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) the support layer 16 predominantly made of polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) consists.
    A conductor core 2 in the case of an electrical conductor 1, which is provided for continuous operating temperatures up to 220 ° C., can preferably be encased with an insulation layer 10 consisting predominantly of polyether sulfone (PES or PESU), or the at least one insulation layer 10 in such a case , electrical conductors made of polyethersulfone (PES or PESU). The support layer 16 of such an electrical conductor 1 can preferably consist predominantly of polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK).
    An embodiment of the electrical conductor 1 has proven particularly suitable, in which the support layer 16 consists of a material with an elongation at break according to ISO 527-1, -2 of 50% or more. In particular, this can largely minimize the probability of damage to the support layer 16 and also to the underlying, at least one insulation layer 10/41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00. The support layer 16 can preferably have an elongation at break according to ISO 527-1, 2 of 55% or more, in particular of 60% or more.
    However, it can also make sense that the support layer 16 consists of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 170 ° C. The support layer can preferably consist of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 180 ° C. The heat resistance according to ISO-1, -2, -3 is also referred to as the HDT value (Heat Deflection Temperature or Heat Distortion temperature), in the specific case the heat resistance can also be referred to as the HDT-A value (method A, loading the sample with 1.8 N / mm 2 ).
    As can be seen from FIG. 4, a layer thickness 17 of the support layer can be substantially uniform around the at least one insulation layer 10. Furthermore, the layer thickness 17 of the support layer 16 can be 0.6 times to 1.0 times a layer thickness 12 of the at least one insulation layer 10 in the region of the longitudinal end faces 6. A layer thickness 13 of the at least one insulation layer 10 in the region of the longitudinal end faces 6, 7 can be, for example, 10 μm to 100 μm. A substantially uniform layer thickness of the support layer 16 can be, for example, 6 μm to 100 μm. In addition, the support layer 16 can have a total cross-sectional area 18 which is 0.22 to 0.35 times a total cross-sectional area 13 of the at least one insulation layer 10.
    The support layer 16 is preferably also applied to the at least one insulation layer 10 by means of extrusion. The support layer 16 can be applied, for example, by means of a separate extrusion step to at least one insulation layer 10 that has already been applied or extruded onto the conductor core 2. However, it is also possible to provide or sheath the conductor core 2 by means of co-extrusion with the at least one insulation layer 10 and the support layer 16, so that the at least one insulation layer 10 and the support layer 16 are applied to the conductor core 2 in a common extrusion step , Extruded polymers usually have characteristic surface features or 27/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    Structures which are naturally recognizable in the direction of extrusion as a kind of "extrusion grooves".
    5 shows an exemplary embodiment for an arrangement of the electrical conductors 1 in an electrical machine. A stator 30 for an electrical machine, for example generator or electric motor, is shown in an oblique view. The stator 30 comprises a laminated core 19 in which a plurality of grooves 20 are arranged distributed in the circumferential direction 21 about a longitudinal axis 24 of the laminated core 19. The grooves 20 are continuous in the longitudinal direction 22. 5 shows several electrical conductors 1 before they are connected to an electrical or electrotechnical winding. As can be seen, in the example shown in FIG. 5, conductors 1 formed are arranged. 5 that several electrical conductors 1 can be bent in the circumferential direction 21 to form a coil or winding, and corresponding electrical conductors 1 can be connected to one another. It is provided here that at least two electrical conductors 1 are received in a groove 20 to form an electrical winding.
    The grooves 20 of the laminated core 19 can be open in the radial direction 23 in the direction of a longitudinal axis 24 of the stator 30. Such openings can be designed as an air gap 25. The regions of the laminated core 19 which delimit the grooves 20 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 24 can be designed in the circumferential direction 21 as a tooth head 26. The groove base 27 is located on the opposite side of the respective groove 20. The exact number of grooves 20 and the shape and number of the electrical conductors 1 accommodated therein depend on the desired size or design of the electrical machine.
    In principle, the grooves 20 can have a wide variety of cross-sectional shapes, with corresponding rectangular cross-sections of the grooves 20 having proven suitable for accommodating electrical conductors 1. To isolate the individual electrical conductors 1 from one another and from the laminated core 19, it is necessary to design at least one insulation layer 10 to be completely closed in the circumferential direction 21 and radial direction 23 in order to ensure the electrical conductors 1/41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 to be encased at least within the laminated core 19. It is important here that the electrical conductors 1 accommodated in the grooves 20 are designed in accordance with the exemplary embodiments described above with reference to FIGS. 1-4. Furthermore, it can be provided that the respective electrical conductors 1 accommodated in the grooves 20 are fully encased at least over an entire longitudinal extent 28 of a respective groove 20 with the at least one insulation layer 10 and optionally also with the support layer 16.
    Finally, to illustrate an example of the use of the electrical conductors 1, a laminated core 19 of a stator 30 with electrical conductors 1 arranged in grooves 20 of the laminated core is again shown in FIG. 6, the electrical conductors 1 being connected here to form an electrical winding 29 for Example are welded. In the case of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, electrical conductors 1, which are designed according to FIG. 2, are shown by way of example and are shown connected and connected to one another. 6 is only shown in sections or only part of the winding 29, that is to say a partial winding. Such windings 29 are common in electrical machines, for example electric motors or generators. It is essential here that such windings are produced from electrical conductors 1 in accordance with the exemplary embodiments described above with reference to FIGS. 1-4.
    The exemplary embodiments show possible design variants, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specially illustrated design variants of the same, but rather also various combinations of the individual design variants with one another are possible and this variation possibility is based on the teaching of technical action through the present invention Ability of the specialist working in this technical field.
    The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and drawings are to be used to interpret the claims. Individual features or combinations of features from those shown and described / 41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 different embodiments can represent independent inventive solutions. The object on which the independent inventive solutions are based can be found in the description.
    All information on value ranges in the objective description is to be understood so that it includes any and all sub-areas, e.g. the information 1 to 10 is to be understood in such a way that all sub-areas starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 are also included, i.e. all sections start with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end with an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure, elements have been partially shown to scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced.
    / 41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    Electrical conductor
    conductor core
    Total longitudinal extension
    The End
    The End
    Longitudinal face
    Longitudinal face
    Cross face
    Cross face
    insulation layer
    layer thickness
    layer thickness
    Total cross-sectional area
    Total cross-sectional area
    bend
    backing
    layer thickness
    Total cross-sectional area
    laminated core
    groove
    circumferentially
    longitudinal direction
    radial direction
    longitudinal axis
    air gap
    addendum
    groove base
    longitudinal extension
    winding
    Stator / 41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Electrical conductor (1) for use in electrical machines, in particular for the production of windings for stators of electrical machines such as electric motors or generators, comprising an electrically conductive conductor core (2) with an essentially rectangular cross section, the conductor core (2) having two has oppositely arranged longitudinal end faces (6, 7) and two oppositely arranged transverse end faces (8, 9) and an overall longitudinal extent (3) between a first end (4) and a second end (5) of the conductor core (2), at least one insulation layer (10), which insulation layer (10) is arranged around the conductor core (2) at least over a predominant part of the total longitudinal extent (3) of the conductor core (2), characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) consists predominantly of one extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group of aromatic polysulfones (PA ES) or mixtures of aromatic polysulfones (PAES).
    [2]
    2. Electrical conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) made of a material with a relative permittivity of less than 4 at a frequency of 0.1 kHz to 100 kHz and a temperature of -50 ° C to 180 ° C, measured according to IEC 60250, exists.
    [3]
    3. Electrical conductor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material from which the at least one insulation layer (10) consists has a glass transition temperature greater than 160 ° C.
    32/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    [4]
    4. Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) consists of a material with a heat distortion temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 170 ° C.
    [5]
    5. Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) has a dielectric strength according to IEC 60243-1 of at least 28 kV / mm with a layer thickness of less than 500 microns.
    [6]
    6. Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) consists predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU) or polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), or of mixtures of these aromatic polysulfones (PAES) ,
    [7]
    7. Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) in the region of the transverse end faces (8, 9) has a layer thickness (11) which is 2 to 8 times a layer thickness (12 ) of the at least one insulation layer (10) in the region of the longitudinal end faces (6, 7).
    [8]
    8. Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) has a total cross-sectional area (13) which is 0.1 times to 0.18 times a total cross-sectional area (14) of the conductor core (2 ) is.
    [9]
    9. Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) is applied to the conductor core (2) by means of extrusion.
    33/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    [10]
    10. Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulation layer (10) is completely encased by a support layer (16).
    [11]
    11. Electrical conductor according to claim 10, characterized in that the support layer (16) consists predominantly of an extrudable, polymeric, thermoplastic material selected from the group of aromatic polysulfones (PAES) or polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), or mixtures of these materials.
    [12]
    12. Electrical conductor according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the support layer (16) consists predominantly of polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES or PESU), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) or polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), or mixtures of these thermoplastic polymers ,
    [13]
    13. Electrical conductor according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the support layer (16) consists of a material with an elongation at break according to ISO 527-1, -2 of 50% or more.
    [14]
    14. Electrical conductor according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the support layer (16) consists of a material with a heat resistance temperature according to ISO 75-1, -2, -3, method A of at least 170 ° C.
    [15]
    15. Electrical conductor according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that a layer thickness (17) of the support layer (16) is substantially uniform around the at least one insulation layer (10) and 0.6 times to 1.0 times a layer thickness (12) of the at least one insulation layer (10) in the region of the longitudinal end faces (6).
    34/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00
    [16]
    16. Electrical conductor according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the support layer (16) has a total cross-sectional area (18) which is 0.22 times to 0.35 times a total cross-sectional area (13) of the at least one insulation layer (10) is.
    [17]
    17. Electrical conductor according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the support layer (16) is applied to the at least one insulation layer (10) by means of extrusion.
    [18]
    18. Electrical winding (29) for an electrical machine, in particular a stator of a generator or electric motor, characterized in that the winding consists of one, according to one of claims 1 to 16, formed from an electrical conductor (1) or of several interconnected, according to one of claims 1 to 17 trained electrical conductors (1) is produced.
    [19]
    19. Stator (30) for an electrical machine, for example generator or electric motor, comprising a laminated core (19) with several in the circumferential direction (21) about a longitudinal axis (24) of the laminated core (19) and in a longitudinal direction (22) of the laminated core ( 19) continuously extending grooves (20) each having at least two electrical conductors (1) received in a groove (20) to form an electrical winding (29), characterized in that the electrical conductors (20) received in the grooves (20) 1) are formed according to one of claims 1 to 17.
    [20]
    20. Stator according to claim 19, characterized in that the respective electrical conductors (1) accommodated in the grooves (20) are at least one
    35/41
    N2018 / 29500-AT-00 the entire longitudinal extent (28) of a respective groove (20) is completely encased with the at least one insulation layer (10).
    36/41
    N2018 / 29500 AT-00

    37/41


    Miba Aktiengesellschaft
    38/41
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    同族专利:
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    AT521301B1|2020-04-15|
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    WO2019227115A1|2019-12-05|
    CN112166542A|2021-01-01|
    US20210184529A1|2021-06-17|
    CN112166541A|2021-01-01|
    DE112019002687A5|2021-03-11|
    AT521301A1|2019-12-15|
    US20210241938A1|2021-08-05|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50436/2018A|AT521301B1|2018-05-29|2018-05-29|Stator with insulation layer|US17/050,912| US20210241938A1|2018-05-29|2019-05-28|Electric conductor for use in electric machines|
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    DE112019002687.9T| DE112019002687A5|2018-05-29|2019-05-28|Electrical conductor for use in electrical machines|
    PCT/AT2019/060178| WO2019227116A1|2018-05-29|2019-05-28|Electric conductor for use in electric machines|
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